Preserving Heritage: The Restoration of Rinshunkaku and Japanese Craftsmanship
A recently released documentary, "Artisans of the Reiwa Era" (Reiwa no Shokunin-tachi), offers an in-depth look at the painstaking restoration of Rinshunkaku, an architectural marvel from Japan's early Edo period. This film by Katsumasa Tanaka and Hiroshi Fujiki not only captures the four-year-long project but also serves as a vibrant tribute to the enduring legacy of traditional Japanese wood construction and the master craftsmen who keep these ancient skills alive. The documentary underscores the critical balance between preserving historical structures and fostering the continuity of specialized craftsmanship in modern times.
Rinshunkaku, originally constructed in Wakayama Prefecture by the Kishu Tokugawa clan, now graces the picturesque Sankeien Garden in Yokohama. This historic villa was relocated during the Taisho era (1912-1926) to the garden, a creation of the early 20th-century businessman and art patron Sankei Hara. Sankeien is renowned for its collection of historical buildings, carefully moved from culturally rich cities like Kyoto and Kamakura, making it a living museum of Japanese architectural heritage. Rinshunkaku, with its exquisite wooden construction, stands as a prime example of this tradition, its historical significance necessitating the extensive restoration project initiated in 2019.
The comprehensive restoration, spanning nearly four years, was executed by Kojima Construction Co., Ltd., under the expert guidance of The Japanese Association for Conservation of Architectural Monuments. As a traditional wooden edifice, Rinshunkaku's roof, crafted from natural plant-based materials, requires meticulous upkeep due to environmental exposure. This necessitates a complete re-thatching approximately every three decades, forming a crucial component of its long-term preservation strategy. This cyclical maintenance is vital not only for the structural integrity of the building but also for sustaining the specialized craft of roof-thatching.
The documentary specifically highlights various traditional roofing methods, including the use of thatch, Hinoki bark, and the distinctive single-roof kokerabuki style. These techniques, as noted by the filmmakers, are increasingly rare and primarily observed in the restoration of designated cultural properties. Beyond the roof, the film meticulously details other restoration efforts, such as replacing wooden shingles and renovating walls and sliding panels. It follows the entire process, from sourcing the appropriate bark for the roof to the careful dismantling of staircases, all while paying homage to the artisans' profound skill and dedication. These projects are invaluable for younger generations of craftsmen to apprentice and perpetuate these time-honored traditions.
Sankeien Garden itself, where Rinshunkaku resides, is a testament to cultural preservation, featuring numerous historic buildings brought from Kyoto and Kamakura. Initially a private estate of Sankei Hara, the garden has been open to the public since 1906 and is now recognized as a National Place of Scenic Beauty. It boasts ten buildings designated as Important Cultural Properties of Japan and three Tangible Cultural Properties by the City of Yokohama. The garden continues to draw visitors from around the globe, offering a profound connection to traditional Japanese culture through its events and immersive historical experiences.
The documentary "Artisans of the Reiwa Era" offers a captivating insight into the intricate world of traditional Japanese architectural preservation. It showcases not only the technical expertise required for such restorations but also the cultural dedication that ensures these heritage sites and their associated crafts continue to thrive. The film stands as a powerful reminder of the importance of intergenerational knowledge transfer and the unwavering commitment to maintaining Japan's rich architectural legacy for future generations.