Kengo Kuma's 'Substance': A Material-Driven Architectural Philosophy










Japanese architect Kengo Kuma, widely recognized for his pioneering work with timber, unveils his latest publication, 'Substance.' This book delves into his comprehensive expertise across a wide array of building elements. Within its pages, Kuma spotlights half a dozen projects, demonstrating his versatility with everything from delicate paper to resilient bamboo.
'Substance,' released through The Images Publishing Group, offers a journey through Kuma's eclectic body of work, structured around six key components: metal, paper, textile, bamboo, stone, and wood. Kuma explains that the book embodies Kengo Kuma and Associates' sustained efforts to craft structures using elements that best align with their specific environment, fostering a profound connection with people.
He believes this is a critical juncture to document and present this methodology, foreseeing a significant transformation in the architectural landscape. He anticipates a move away from vast, monumental structures of concrete and steel towards more modest, ecologically mindful endeavors that emphasize the utilization of local assets. Kuma expressed to Dezeen, "Amidst global challenges, I perceive architecture in this century at a pivotal turning point." He views it as an era transitioning from grand designs to the 'small.' He urges reflection on the environmental impact and cultural impoverishment caused by the colossal, towering buildings of the previous century. He states that the firm's ambition is for 'small' architecture—human-centered, aesthetically pleasing, and capable of forging intimate bonds with individuals. He aimed to encapsulate these efforts within his book.
Kuma asserts that the featured undertakings and components in 'Substance' underscore the studio's dedication to designing in a manner intrinsically linked to each location and its specific context. He draws a parallel between architecture and agriculture, emphasizing the importance of utilizing "materials that are native to and cultivated in each specific region." He elaborates, "Rather than relying on concrete or steel, we consistently strive to discover and employ unique elements indigenous to each project's setting, thereby celebrating the inherent richness of the site's resources." Kuma further notes, "The consistent use of a singular material, as if it were a signature, often suggests designers seeking to position themselves as the central figure of their projects, aiming to establish personal brands. Our approach, conversely, places the location itself at the forefront, initiating the design process by identifying the materials that are most suitable for each specific endeavor."
A selection of six projects illustrating Kuma's empathetic and visually appealing application of diverse materials is presented. For instance, 'Casa Umbrella' in Italy (2008), constructed from textile, was conceived as a portable shelter, highlighting the lightweight and soft qualities of fabric. 'Irori' in Italy (2015), made from paper, was a critique of massive architecture, aiming for the lightest possible structure. 'Cave of Light and Shadow' in China (2023), featuring stone and metal, translated the geometry of a local stone into transparent aluminum cast panels. 'Sensing Spaces' in the UK (2014), crafted from bamboo, showcased the material's strength and transparency. 'Casa Batlló Stairs' in Spain (2020), utilizing metal, reimagined emergency stairs with aluminum ball chains to achieve an organic softness. Finally, 'Domino 3.0' in Italy (2025), made from wood, drew inspiration from storm-battered trees, symbolizing a future where humanity reconnects with nature.
This publication illuminates the shift towards a more thoughtful and context-aware architectural practice, championed by Kengo Kuma. It underscores the importance of choosing construction elements that resonate with their environment and reflect a profound respect for both nature and human experience, moving beyond conventional methods to embrace a philosophy deeply rooted in site-specific sensitivity and material integrity.