Architectural Cases

The passing of Muhammadu Buhari, a former head of state and an influential figure in Nigerian politics, has been announced at the age of 82. His life was characterized by a distinctive journey, from leading a military regime to later being democratically elected as president. This long and varied career saw him navigate numerous national challenges and garner a diverse range of public opinions. His demise in London concludes a chapter of significant impact on the West African nation's political landscape, with his remains slated for a return to Nigeria for traditional Muslim burial ceremonies.

Buhari's initial ascent to power in 1983 was marked by a firm stance against corruption, a campaign that, while popular with some, was also widely criticized for its authoritarian methods. During this period, numerous public figures, including journalists and activists, were detained, reflecting a restrictive approach to governance. This phase of his leadership ended abruptly less than two years later when he was overthrown in a military coup. Despite this, a notable shift in public perception occurred over the ensuing decades, leading to his eventual return to the political forefront.

After years spent away from the pinnacle of power, Buhari re-emerged as an opposition leader, culminating in a historic electoral victory in 2015. This marked the first time an incumbent ruling party was defeated since Nigeria's return to democracy in 1999. During his campaign, he presented himself as a 'converted democrat,' appealing to a populace frustrated by corruption and the escalating insurgency of Boko Haram. His rhetoric, emphasizing national unity and a commitment to all citizens, resonated widely.

However, his second term, spanning from 2015 to 2023, faced considerable hurdles. Despite initial successes against the Boko Haram insurgency, the country grappled with pervasive insecurity and a deteriorating economic situation, including a recession and soaring inflation. Accusations of corruption and favoritism also shadowed his administration. Furthermore, his presidency was plagued by persistent, undisclosed health issues, necessitating extended medical stays abroad.

Despite a mixed legacy, Buhari maintained a strong following, particularly in Nigeria's northern, predominantly Muslim regions. Here, he was often viewed as an embodiment of modesty and austerity, a leader who did not personally enrich himself during his time in office. His complex political journey, encompassing both military rule and democratic leadership, leaves behind a multifaceted legacy that continues to be a subject of national discourse and historical analysis.

The recent Smithsonian Folklife Festival served as a dynamic stage for the convergence of ancient traditions and youthful innovation, celebrating the enduring power of cultural heritage. Through the captivating demonstrations of a Guatemalan Maya artist, the rhythmic verses of Bolivian indigenous rappers, and the meticulous craftsmanship of a Mexican-American family of guitar makers, the festival vividly illustrated how intergenerational mentorship and the vibrant energy of younger generations are crucial to keeping diverse cultural forms alive and thriving in the modern world. These narratives collectively paint a compelling picture of resilience, identity, and the continuous evolution of global artistry.

Vivid Showcases of Global Heritage at the Smithsonian Folklife Festival

In July 2025, the heart of Washington, D.C., transformed into a global village for the annual Smithsonian Folklife Festival. This year's compelling theme, “Youth and the Future of Culture,” brought together extraordinary artists and cultural practitioners from around the globe, each committed to ensuring their ancestral traditions resonate with contemporary audiences and future generations. The festival highlighted four particularly striking ensembles from the Global South, offering profound insights into their crafts, their mentorship of young talents, and the familial and cultural ties that bind their artistic endeavors.

Among the celebrated participants was Evelyn del Rosario Morán Cojoc, a 42-year-old esteemed Maya artist from Guatemala. With a brush dipped in the rich, symbolic crimson of her heritage, Morán Cojoc captivated audiences as she painted a mural of impressive scale, reflecting the vibrant indigenous culture of her homeland. Her passionate commitment extends to teaching art in remote Guatemalan villages, nurturing young minds and inspiring them to embrace their indigenous Poqomchiʼ Maya roots. A poignant moment at the festival saw a 17-year-old Virginian student, Kevin Cabrera Sanchez, and 18-year-old Selvin Vail Diaz contribute elements of their Maya identity to Morán Cojoc's mural, including the Guatemalan marimba and sacred maize, emphasizing the living, evolving nature of Maya culture despite historical attempts to diminish it.

From the high altitudes of Bolivia, rappers Eber Quisbert, 40, and his 26-year-old mentee, Carlos Orellana (known as Andes Mc), fused traditional indigenous languages with contemporary hip-hop beats. Their performances masterfully blended Spanish with Quechua and Aymara, languages often marginalized in Bolivia's Spanish-dominated society. Orellana, whose father intentionally withheld Quechua due to past discrimination, now proudly integrates it into his lyrics, adorned with tattoos of ancient Tiwanaku civilization figures that symbolize strength and transformation. Their music, notably the song “Jina Jina Mayma,” advocates for unity and peace among Bolivia's diverse indigenous regions, echoing the sentiment that languages are “living beings” that grow and connect communities.

Meanwhile, the delicate art of weaving was brought to life by Rosie Say, 65, and Ku Say, 24, both master weavers and refugees from the Karen ethnic group, now residing in St. Paul, Minnesota. Though not biologically related, their bond, forged in the Karen Weaving Circle, symbolizes the intergenerational transfer of an ancient skill. Rosie, a master weaver who took up the craft a decade ago to combat depression after immigrating, found solace and purpose in preserving her culture. Ku, born in a Thai refugee camp and taught by her mother and Rosie, expressed profound pride in learning her history through weaving, a tradition suppressed in Myanmar, hoping to pass this revitalized art form to future generations.

Finally, the rhythmic pulse of music was embodied by the Delgado family, fourth-generation luthiers from Mexico, specializing in the creation and restoration of guitars. Manuel Delgado, 53, alongside his daughters, Ava, 17, and Lila, 11, continues a craft initiated in 1928. Their dedication to “old-world, traditional techniques”—using hand tools and tacote wood for their Mexican guitarróns—ensures each instrument carries a piece of their heritage. Their distinguished clientele includes the legendary Dolly Parton and the band Los Lobos. Despite the family's deep connection to the craft, the daughters contemplate their future paths, yet acknowledge the profound importance of sustaining this “raw, handmade thing” in an era where cultural traditions are increasingly vulnerable.

The Smithsonian Folklife Festival eloquently demonstrated that cultural preservation is not merely about archiving the past, but actively engaging with the present and shaping the future. It's a continuous, dynamic process fueled by the passion and commitment of individuals who transcend generations to ensure their rich heritage continues to inspire and connect. From a journalistic perspective, this event underscores a crucial message: in an increasingly globalized world, the unique narratives and artistic expressions of diverse communities offer invaluable lessons in resilience, identity, and unity. Observing the young artists and artisans at the festival, one cannot help but feel a profound sense of hope. Their dedication ensures that these vibrant cultural traditions will not only endure but will also evolve, enriched by new perspectives while remaining true to their ancient roots. It is a powerful reminder that culture, passed from heart to hand, is the ultimate bridge between generations and across continents, fostering understanding and celebrating the rich tapestry of human experience.